In the African continent, the quantity of rainfall has greatly influenced the existence of plants of life. The tropical rainforests are found on the south and north of the equator line. These forests are homelands for numerous vegetation and animal species. The rainforests are made up of many layers of flora, ranging from bushes and grasses on the surface to trees that can reach heights of 50 meters. As one walks away from the equator line, taller grass gives transition to shorter grasses in the savannahs and grasslands, with forests interspersed. Rainfall varies greatly from year to year in some locations, such as the Sahara region (Dickson, 2018). Water shortages have induced famine and starvation in several parts of Egypt and Ethiopia in recent years.
Africa’s agricultural activities are influenced by rainfall. Minerals in the topmost ground surface levels are swept away by heavy rain, and no vegetation can thrive if the rain is insufficient. Rainfall in the arid regions of the Sahara, Namib, and Kalahari is sometimes less than 100 cm per annum (Dickson, 2018). Temperature variations across daytime and nighttime are frequently greater than those between summertime and wintertime. Climatic zones of Africa are changing, possibly as a result of global warming. Water shortages are growing more common in the Sahel and eastern Africa. The Sahara is migrating southward, and deforestation is threatening more and more locations. The major vegetation zones in Africa include the Sahel, Rainforests, the savannah and the Sahara (Dickson, 2018).
Africa maintains a lengthy trading history with the rest of the universe and has several historical trading channels. Western and Central African products were transported to faraway destinations like Europe, the Arab World, and Hindustan. Individuals from various regions of Africa are required to exchange with one another (The trade routes of ancient Africa facts for kids, 2021). Trade channels evolved to transfer commodities from beyond and across Africa. These trade channels expanded across Africa, and merchants became extremely influential in all African communities over a period. The Trans-Saharan Trading Route was the primary trade path through Africa. The Trans-Saharan Trade Route was a system of channels used to transport commodities through the Sahara deserts. Glass pearls and cowrie shells were not merely imported from overseas, but they were also utilized as currency in commerce. Gold and salt were the greatest prevalent goods. As a component of the Trans-Saharan Slave Trade, individuals were also carried through these channels (The trade routes of ancient Africa facts for kids, 2021). Camel transportation was the primary form of transportation. These creatures were ideal for crossing the Sahara since they are well adapted to arid environments such as deserts.
Africa’s racial groupings number in the hundreds, with each having its own linguistic (or variant of a language) and customs. Among the ethnolinguistic groupings are Afroasiatic, Khoisan, Niger-Congo, and Nilo-Saharan inhabitants. The formal demographic estimate of Africa’s numerous racial populations is extremely unclear, owing to poor polls facilities and rapid demographic increase. There have also arisen allegations of intentional inaccurate reporting in an attempt to give some ethnic groups statistical dominance (as in the instance of Nigeria’s Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba, and Igbo populations).
Egyptian civilization flourished near the Nile River in great proportion due to the river’s periodic floods providing consistent, fertile soil for grain cultivation. The significance of the region’s agriculture output and financial assets was demonstrated by recurrent fights for the governmental sovereignty of Egypt. The Egyptians used a literary technique described as hieroglyphics to keep recorded documents (Jarus, 2016). To display and sustain authority, Egyptian kings utilized the concept of divine kingship and built colossal buildings. The historical Egyptians had extensive trading connections alongside the Nile, along the Red Sea, and across the Near East. Historical Egypt was among the globe’s greatest prominent and influential civilizations. Around 700 BC, the Historic Egyptian Kingdom started to deteriorate (Jarus, 2016). A variety of other cultures invaded it. The Assyrian Kingdom was the earliest to invade Egypt, succeeded 100 years afterward by the Persian Kingdom. Alexander, the Great of Greece, invaded Egypt in 332 BC and established his own governing dynasty, the Ptolemaic Dynasty (Jarus, 2016). Eventually, in 30 BC, the Romans arrived, and Egypt remained a colony of Rome.
References
Jarus, O. (2016, July 28). Ancient Egypt: A brief history. livescience.com. https://www.livescience.com/55578-egyptian-civilization.html
Kwamina Busumafi Dickson. (2018). Africa – Climate. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Africa/Climate
The trade routes of ancient Africa facts for kids (Explained!). (2021, June 25). Coolaroo – Education Site. https://www.coolaboo.com/world-history/ancient-africa/the-trade-routes-of-ancient-africa/
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