Cell division occurs when a parental cell separates into two or multiple new cells. Cell division is frequently a component of a broader cell phase (Bailey, 2019). All cells replicate by dividing into two, with every parent cell producing two new cells. These freshly generated daughter cells may reproduce and expand, resulting in the formation of a novel cell populace from the divisions and expansion of a solitary parent cell and its descendant. In other terms, these development and divisions phases enable a solitary cell to become a structure made up of thousands of cells. However, there are two distinct types of cell divisions referred to as mitosis and meiosis.
Mitosis is the mechanism whereby the cells replicate themselves exactly. Mitosis can be seen in practically every cell in the organism, such as the eyes and muscular cells (Clare, 2008). In the meiosis mechanism, sperms or eggs cells are created rather than descendant cells in mitosis. Mitosis is the splitting of bodily cells, whereas meiosis is the splitting of sperm cells. In mitosis, a cell divides once, whereas, in meiosis, it divides twice (Bailey, 2019). Two descendant cells are generated following cytoplasmic and mitosis division, whereas four are generated after meiosis.
Chromosomes behave differently in each phase of cell division in both mitosis and meiosis. During prophase in both meiosis and mitosis, the chromosomes become highly condensed as the centrosomes tend to split. During the metaphase in meiosis, the identical chromosomal pairings align up along the metaphase surface, while in meiosis, a solitary chromosome or a pairing of chromatids align up on the metaphase surface (Capitanchik, 2018). During the anaphase stage of mitosis, the cohesin located at the centromeres of the sister chromatids is not disrupted, and hence the sister chromatids remain connected while identical chromosomes are separated to opposing cell sides (Clare, 2008). During meiosis, the cohesin that keeps the centromeres of the sister chromatids intact is disrupted, allowing the sister chromatids to split to opposite ends of the cell. The nuclear membrane develops surrounding the freshly split chromosomes during the telophase stage, which untwist and become less condensed (Capitanchik, 2018). The spinning microtubules separate. One centrosome will be passed down to every descendant cell.
References
Charlotte Capitanchik. (2018, November 20). Mitosis vs. meiosis: Key differences, chart, and Venn diagram. Cell Science from Technology Networks. https://www.technologynetworks.com/cell-science/articles/mitosis-vs-meiosis-312017
Clare O’Connor. (2008). Mitosis and Cell Division. Nature. https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/mitosis-and-cell-division-205/
Regina Bailey. (2019). Seven key differences between mitosis and meiosis. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/differences-between-mitosis-and-meiosis-373390
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