Assessment of management of patients with allergic disorders

1a. What is the pathophysiology of an anaphylactic reaction?

 An anaphylactic reaction is an allergic reaction after a foreign material like food, medication, latex, and insect stings invade the body. Allergens cross with allergen-specific IgE antibodies that occupy the cell walls of mast cells. This action leads to degranulation of the cell body, causing the release of histamine and other bioactive mediators.  The release of these chemicals causes the body to go into shock, lowering blood pressure and narrowing air passages, causing difficulty breathing.

1b. What are the manifestation of anaphylactic reactions?

Anaphylactic manifestations can cause swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat, wheezing, shortness of breath, skin reactions like itching, hives, or paleness.

1c. What is the rationale for Mr. Peterson carrying an EpiPen with him at all times?

Carrying at EpiPen at all times is a safety precaution that Mr. Peterson should follow. Allergic reactions can lead to many complications, which can end up being deadly. Many insects like mosquitoes and bees can sting, especially during trips like camps, making him predisposed to allergic reactions. It is also wise to carry the antiallergen since allergic reactions can also manifest due to food.

2a. What further assessment should the nurse provide?

The nurse should carry out a physical assessment of the patient and inquire about their allergy history. It is important to assess the degree to which the allergic reactions affect the patient, including the discomfort levels. Tests like nasal smears, nasal provocation, peripheral blood count, total Ige Serum, serum specific IgE are carried out to determine the most efficient intervention to use on the patient.

2b. What nursing interventions should be provided?

The nurse should use interventions that aim at improving breathing for the patient. The nurse can educate the patient and make her understand her allergies, the causes, and how and when to take medication appropriately. The patient should also be advised on coping and avoiding cases that expose her to the reactions. The nurse should also assess how the patient adheres and reacts to the medication and modifications when necessary.