Political Philosophy and Social Change
Introduction
Universal healthcare is mainly a healthcare system that assures all people of the country access to healthcare services anytime and when they need them, specifically without any financial hardship. Unlike most states in Europe, the United States has failed or avoided the development of such a system as a result of different factors of consideration.
Describe two philosophical ideologies (economic, political and cultural) that significantly influenced the development of an anti-universal healthcare system in the US.
Logically, the costs of a universal healthcare system would depend mainly on its levels of benefits, structure, and, most importantly, the extent of coverage. However, most proposals of the universal healthcare system in the United States would contribute to an increase in federal taxes. For example, one of the recent proposals for a universal healthcare system involved specific options like a 7.5% payroll tax and, most importantly, a four percent income tax for the people in American. Consequently, high-income Americans would also be subjected to more taxes. However, based on the outside project, it is suggested that these taxes would not be enough in funding and ensuring the effectiveness of the plan. On matters related to the United States’ national economic toll, the estimated costs of a universal healthcare system ranged from thirty-two to forty-four trillion dollars, specifically across ten years. Besides, the deficit extermination of this system ranges from 1.1 to 2.1 trillion dollars specifically annually (Unger & De Paepe, 2019).
Culturally, one of the most important considerations against the system is mainly related to the potential for general insufficient of the system. The system may contribute to issues like long wait times for patients, and most importantly, its general and its ability to hamper and limit innovation and entrepreneurship in healthcare. As a result, the system has significant potential to impact and, most importantly limiting the effectiveness and positive outcomes in the general performance and impacts of the healthcare system in the United States of America. With such issues, the development and, most importantly, use of the system in the United States has been limited as it has the potential to affect the country economically, culturally, and most important politically (Zieff et al., 2020).
Give two ethical-moral principles that are violated by the US healthcare system and demonstrate their impact on social determinants of health in vulnerable populations. (two paragraphs)
One of the most important ethical principles that have been violated by the United States’ healthcare system is mainly violation of confidentially, both for doctors and patients. For most vulnerable people, the impacts may have significant negative outcomes, particularly on how they receive healthcare services. They limit effectiveness in how these people access healthcare services, thus impacting their health and, most importantly, the general quality of their lives. As a result, such impacts are significant, with negative consequences on most people from vulnerable groups.
Negligence and malpractice are also major issues related to the issue of this healthcare system. Most of the vulnerable people are neglected, which may contribute to issues of malpractices and negative outcomes on general services offered to people. The high-risk nature of this healthcare system contributes to the likelihood of malpractices which in most cases have significant and, most importantly, negative impacts on the people and particularly vulnerable groups. Generally, people from this group may not be able to use specific measures against cases of negligence and malpractices. As a result, such issues stills affect these people, thus affecting the quality of life and, most importantly, negative consequences in consideration to the impacts of healthcare services (Leininger & Leininger, 2002). With such issues, vulnerable groups continue to experience a lot of challenges that affect the role and impacts of healthcare services being offered to the public.
References
Leininger, M. M., & Leininger, M. (2002). Ethical, moral, and legal aspects of transcultural nursing. Transcultural nursing: Concepts, theories, research, and practices, 271-284.
Unger, J. P., & De Paepe, P. (2019). Commercial health care financing: the cause of US, Dutch, and Swiss health systems inefficiency?. International Journal of Health Services, 49(3), 431-456.
Zieff, G., Kerr, Z. Y., Moore, J. B., & Stoner, L. (2020). Universal Healthcare in the United States of America: A Healthy Debate. Medicina, 56(11), 580.
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