Environmental Technology
The United States Environmental Protection Agency developed the Environmental Technology Verification Program in order to assist in prevention of pollution. Ashley and the team started focusing on the parameters of the program in 2005.The goal was to get rid of pollutants from human life and environment. This was to be achieved through a set of protocols developed to evaluate and offer verification for specific techniques and performances applied. It was also set to assist in developing more of such techniques in accordance with the set protocols (Ashley, 2007). They highlighted a list of verified technologies produced by the Advanced Monitoring systems. They include Mercury continuous emission monitors and Ammonia emissions among many more.
It was established that one of the main sources of such emissions is from agricultural activities. The AMS has over a long time continued to monitor the ammonia sensors in relation to their performance in emissions from agricultural activities and other sources. One of the most effective and efficient way of reducing Ammonia emissions is through the use of solid manure. Once the manure has been introduced to the soil, it limits loss because of volatilization. These are controlled by technologies such as the condensate strippers and capture systems (Ashley, 2007). The AMS aims at determining how efficient these systems are in reducing and eradicating Ammonia emissions into the environment (Lee et al., 2020).
The monitoring of mercury emissions is another item discussed in the article. It discusses the importance of monitoring the emissions emitted into the atmosphere. Mercury emissions are hazardous in nature hence the need to be monitored to find out their concentration that is being released into the environment (Lee et al., 2020). The monitoring of the mercury emissions in incinerators and flue gases has been completed by the AMS. They produced the policies and guidelines for controlling these emissions in order to protect the human health and the environment. This is achieved by ensuring that no industry releases more than the allowed amount of mercury into the atmosphere, Controlling the concentration of the mercury emissions into the environment to implement these policies and guidelines.
The equation applied to calculate the water flow rate from pipe diameter is calculated using the continuity equation. This equation is as follows:
pAV= constant
p is the density of the water
AV is the velocity of water flow in the pipe is the area of the pipe through which water is flowing.
In this case, the density of the water is assumed to remain constant throughout the flow. The formulation rate of the result will be that Q =AV.Q represents the water flow rate and A is the Area. The Area is represented in an equation as A: (pi/4) * dAZ. The d represents the diameter of the other pipe. The final equation in this case will be represented as Q: (pi/4) * d"2 *. The variables include the rate of water flow and velocity. This equation is applied in flow in ducts, tubes and pipes and many more.
Some methods applied in water treatment include Ozonation, chlorine dioxide, chlorination and systems using the UV disinfection. Chlorination was used long time ago to treat water by using chlorine to disinfect the water by killing the algae and microorganisms present in the water. Ozonation includes a technique that uses ozone, mixes it into the water to disinfect the ware. This method kills organic pollutants, inorganic pollutants and microorganisms present in the water. It is more effective than chlorination as it kills more pollutants. It makes water safe for consumption by humans and other living organisms.
The two solid waste landfill as proposed by Fredrick in the Features of Solid Waste Landfill includes The location of and maintenance and operating conditions. Fredrick proposes that the location should be far away from the places occupied by people or else the solid landfill will be harmful to those living close. It can harm their health hence should be away from the residential areas and other restricted areas that have potential of being infected. It also has effects on aquatic life hence it should also be far away from aquatic life and human life.
The maintenance and operating conditions include keeping waste some few inches below the ground to reduce and prevent bad odor, attracting and proving breeding places for insects and such orgasms. It also prevents the place from looking bad and also ensures there is a specified place for keeping the waste to prevent pollution. The characteristics of landfills are influenced by the management methods and operation. The general characteristics include water bodies, urban areas and waterways. The operations include adaptation, accesses, services, diversions of rain water, fencing, and cleaning. The water from surfaces should not be allowed to enter the landfill. Buildings should provide a diversion for such water.
Electrostatic precipitator is an air cleanser. It is used as a tool that utilizes electrical charge to remove any impurities both liquid, gases and solid. Energy is applied to the particles collected. Electrostatic precipitator is used to control the pollution of air mostly in industrial plants and power stations. It removes particles from waste gases. The particulate matter produced during the manufacturing process is released in industrial plants during manufacturing process is released in form of gases into the atmosphere. In the atmosphere, they reduce visibility and contribute to climate change. These effects can also lead to serious health complications such as respiratory diseases e.g. bronchitis and damage the lungs. Fine and very small particles with diameter less than 0.0001 inch are very dangerous as they go deep into the lungs with potential to cause inflammation. The electrostatic precipitators tools are very important in flue gases cleaning process. They help in reducing the particle pollution even in gases with extremely small particles of 0.01 microns that can be eliminated by some electrostatic precipitators. In electrostatic precipitator, resistivity is an essential factor.
The key functions involving the charging and discharging of particles. The efficiency equation is as follows:
E=SJ
Where:
E represents the electric field strength
J represents the current density (A/cm
S represents the resistivity
Sound pressure is the average variation in atmospheric pressure that is caused by sound. The pressure is measured in the unit Pascal. The pressure level of sound measured in decibels (dB) is known as the Sound Pressure Level, that is the SPL. It is equated to 20 x the Log10 of the ratio of the Route Mean Square (RMS) of sound pressure. This is referenced to the sound pressure in air represented by the equation 2 x 10-5 N/m2, or 0,00002 Pa. An SPL meter is used for measurements and it displays sound pressure levels up to 140 dB from 20 dB
References
Ashley, K. (2007, October 24). Analytical performance criteria. Taylor & Francis. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15459620500302285
Lee, S., Fulper, C. R., Cullen, D., McDonald, J., Fernandez, A., Doorlag, M. H., Sanchez, L. J., & Olechiw, M. (2020). On-road portable emission measurement systems test data analysis and light-duty vehicle in-use emissions development. SAE International Journal of Electrified Vehicles, 9(2), 111-131. https://doi.org/10.4271/14-09-02-0007
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